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Democracy & the Judicial Overhaul

Important terms

  • Judicial overhaul – The set of measures introduced from January 2023 onward to reduce judicial review of government actions, including changing how judges are appointed and limits the independence of government legal advisers. Some elements passed, some were struck down, and some remain pending.

  • Basic Laws – Israel’s quasi-constitutional statutes. Because there is no single written constitution, these laws set out the structure of government and certain rights, and the Supreme Court treats them as the constitutional framework against which ordinary legislation is measured.

  • Judicial Selection Committee – The nine-member body that selects judges for all Israeli courts. Its composition determines how far political considerations shape the bench, which is why changing it has been a central aim of the overhaul.

  • Attorney General – The government’s chief legal adviser and head of the public prosecution. The office has traditionally combined advising the government, representing it in court, and deciding on prosecutions – a combination that made it one of the principal internal checks on executive action.

  • Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency) – Israel’s internal security service, which operates largely in secret and with limited external oversight. Its expanding involvement in civilian and political matters raises concerns about due process and transparency.

Since 2023 the government has advanced a package of measures – commonly called the judicial overhaul – to curb the courts and the officials who check executive power. Israel has no written constitution, so the Supreme Court and the Attorney General are the main safeguards standing between individuals and a governing majority. Weakening them removes protections from everyone, particularly from those with the least political power.

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Two major changes stand out. A March 2025 amendment to Basic Law: the Judiciary hands politicians greater control over judicial appointments; it takes effect with the incoming Knesset and awaits a Supreme Court ruling. In July 2026 the Knesset passed a law removing the binding force of the Attorney General’s legal opinions. Alongside these, the Shin Bet’s reach has extended into political life, and police practice has narrowed the space for protest.

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ACRI petitions the Supreme Court against such legislation, submits opinions to Knesset committees, challenges unlawful restrictions on demonstrations, and publishes plain-language guidance so that people know their rights. It has petitioned against the Attorney General Law, and continues to demand accountability wherever democratic safeguards are eroded.

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